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Project > About > The idea behind
The educational CountryFile is an international student project which aims to provide you information on school systems and student school representations in respective countries.As the school systems are changing in the time so are also the environments for student representations. Therefore we...
Project > About > Funding Project > About > Working group Project > Contacts > United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) - International Bureau of Education (IBE) Project > Contacts > educational CountryFile Project > Contacts > European Youth Foundation (EYF) Project > Contacts > European Union - Directorate-General for Education and Culture (DG EAC) Project > Contacts > Eurydice Project > Contacts > Student organizations & National institutions Project > Contacts > Organising Bureau of European School Student Unions (OBESSU) Project > Contacts > Council of Europe - Directorate of Education, Culture and Heritage, Youth and Sport (CoE DYS) Project > Disclaimer > View Project > How to use this page > View Project > Privacy policy > View Representations > Organisation's Staff (Estonia) Representations > Other Student Unions (Lithuania) Representations > Basic Structure (Norway) Representations > Students at School Level (England) Representations > Name (Italy) Representations > Amount of members (Sweden) Representations > General Assembly (Denmark) Representations > Students in Municipal or Governmental Bodies (Ireland) Representations > Hurdles (Spain) Representations > Issues (Netherlands) Representations > Organisation's Staff (Sweden) Representations > Other Student Unions (Norway) Representations > Year of Foundation (Denmark) Representations > Student Representations (Macedonia) Representations > Students in Municipal or Governmental Bodies (Switzerland) Representations > Amount of members (Austria) Representations > General Assembly (Ireland) Representations > Hurdles (England) Representations > Issues (Estonia) Representations > Students in Municipal or Governmental Bodies (France) Representations > Type of Members (Netherlands) Representations > General Assembly (Lithuania) Representations > Success (Macedonia) Representations > Issues (Switzerland) Representations > Organisation's Staff (Austria) Representations > Basic Structure (Denmark) Representations > Year of Foundation (Ireland) Representations > Student Representations (Bulgaria) Representations > Type of Members (Estonia) Representations > General Assembly (Norway) Representations > Success (Bulgaria) Representations > Issues (France) Representations > Budget (Netherlands) Representations > Year of Foundation (Lithuania) Representations > Student Representations (Spain) Representations > Students at School Level (Slovenia) Representations > Success (Spain) Representations > Hurdles (Slovenia) Representations > Name (Belgium) Representations > Budget (Estonia) Representations > Year of Foundation (Norway) Representations > Student Representations (England) Representations > Basic Structure (Macedonia) Representations > Students at School Level (Finland) Representations > Type of Members (Sweden) Representations > Amount of members (Denmark) Representations > Name (Serbia) Representations > Budget (Sweden) Representations > Organisation's Staff (Denmark) Representations > Other Student Unions (Macedonia) Representations > Basic Structure (Bulgaria) Representations > Students at School Level (Switzerland) Representations > Type of Members (Austria) Representations > Amount of members (Ireland) Representations > Success (England) Representations > Hurdles (Finland) Representations > Name (Slovakia) Representations > Organisation's Staff (Ireland) Representations > Other Student Unions (Bulgaria) Representations > Basic Structure (Spain) Representations > Students at School Level (France) Representations > Name (Netherlands) Representations > Amount of members (Lithuania) Representations > Budget (England) Representations > Students in Municipal or Governmental Bodies (Macedonia) Representations > Hurdles (Switzerland) Representations > Issues (Slovenia) Representations > Student Representations (Slovenia) Representations > Name (Estonia) Representations > Amount of members (Norway) Representations > General Assembly (Macedonia) Representations > Students in Municipal or Governmental Bodies (Bulgaria) Representations > Hurdles (France) Representations > Issues (Ireland) Representations > Organisation's Staff (Lithuania) Representations > Other Student Unions (Spain) Representations > Basic Structure (England) Representations > Type of Members (Denmark) Representations > General Assembly (Bulgaria) Representations > Success (Slovenia) Representations > Issues (Belgium) Representations > Organisation's Staff (Norway) Representations > Other Student Unions (England) Representations > Year of Foundation (Macedonia) Representations > Student Representations (Finland) Representations > Students in Municipal or Governmental Bodies (Serbia) Representations > General Assembly (Spain) Representations > Success (Finland) Representations > Issues (Serbia) Representations > Budget (Denmark) Representations > Year of Foundation (Bulgaria) Representations > Student Representations (Switzerland) Representations > Students in Municipal or Governmental Bodies (Slovakia) Representations > Type of Members (Ireland) Representations > Issues (Slovakia) Representations > Budget (Ireland) Representations > Year of Foundation (Spain) Representations > Student Representations (France) Representations > Students at School Level (Italy) Representations > Type of Members (Lithuania) Representations > General Assembly (England) Representations > Success (Switzerland) Representations > Name (Sweden) Representations > Budget (Lithuania) Representations > Year of Foundation (England) Representations > Other Student Unions (Slovenia) Representations > Basic Structure (Finland) Representations > Students at School Level (Belgium) Representations > Type of Members (Norway) Representations > Amount of members (Macedonia) Representations > Success (France) Representations > Hurdles (Italy) Representations > Organisation's Staff (Macedonia) Representations > Other Student Unions (Finland) Representations > Basic Structure (Switzerland) Representations > Students at School Level (Serbia) Representations > Name (Denmark) Representations > Amount of members (Bulgaria) Representations > Budget (France) Representations > Students in Municipal or Governmental Bodies (Slovenia) Representations > Hurdles (Belgium) Representations > Name (Austria) Representations > Budget (Norway) Representations > Name (Ireland) Representations > Amount of members (Spain) Representations > General Assembly (Slovenia) Representations > Students in Municipal or Governmental Bodies (Finland) Representations > Hurdles (Serbia) Representations > Issues (Macedonia)
This project was made possible thanks to the financial support of the European Youth Foundation of the Council of Europe. This project was supported under the campaign.
This is an enhanced version of the CountryFile created in 2000 by OBESSU which was published only in the printed format. This project is online since 15th of March 2008.
IBE acts as UNESCO's center specialized in contents, methods and structure of education.
We will welcome your comments at .
EYF is a fund established by Council of Europe to provide financial support for European youth activities.
DG EAC is a directorate-general of the European Commission of the European Union.
Eurydice is an information network on education in Europe and an integral part of Socrates Community action program in education. It provides detailed information on school systems in Europe and more.
Contact details of student organizations and national institutions can be found in following parts of this web page: .
OBESSU is a platform for cooperation between the national school student unions active in general secondary and secondary vocational education in Europe.
CoE DYS is a directorate of the Council of Europe.
Information on this web site is provided as is. As it is a product of many individuals, OBESSU and/or any other mentioned student/educational organisation make no warranties or representations about the accuracy or completeness of this site. None of the mentioned organisations shall be liable for...
This website does not collect any information about its visitors. This website contains links to other websites - please read Disclaimer/Privacy Policy of every website you visit.
ESCU has 7 members of staff.
LSS - Lithuanian Students UnionLMP - Lithuanian School Students Parlament
The student councils are the once that send representatives to both regional and national assemblies.
Students are sometimes (rather haphazardly) consulted by the Government on various issues, and are included by some schools in the writing of their development plans. This is inconsistent, however.
Unione Degli Studenti - UDSItalian School Students’ Union
300 student councils and 42 000 individual students that have signed up as supportive members.
DGS: LH:
[missing data]
Spain has a stable and trustable public system for funding of student unions at the national level. This allows student unions to receive administration grants that make things such as having an office or employing a worker possible. On the other hand, good representation is hindered by the tiny...
[missing data]
25 full-time (approximately)
No other.
DGS: LH: 1979
It’s guaranteed that secondary students can organize themselves in student councils in the schools. However, according to the Law of Secondary education, in the School board there are no student representatives.
No.
Over 1000 school students participate in AKS every year. Membership is voluntary and there is no membership fee.
50
[missing data]
• Competition between organisations – there are so many youth organisations that have the same aims but they don’t want to co-operate.
[missing data]
Student councils
Around 200
There has been a debate on a Law on Compulsory secondary education. USM had the main role in the process to remind that students must be provided with all facilities they need to go to school and asked for totally free education.
[missing data]
1 full time, 5 voluntary
2002
Each secondary school has its student council, pedagogical council and school board. Only in the school board representatives from different fields can be present. There are parents involved in the process of shaping the image of the school; usually they help with financial assistance.
School student councils
Approximately 450-500Two representatives from each member-school can attend the general assembly, only one with the right to vote.
During the 2003/2004 school year the Ministry of Education announced three months before the end of the school year that 12th grade students will be obliged to sit for school leaving exams. This left no time for preparation. The students went on strike, signed a petition and, together with the help...
The total budget is about € 200,000
1996
It is legally stated that every public school or private school receiving subsidies must allow the creation of a student council and provide it with a local and materials. Moreover, each of these schools count on a school board where parents, teachers, students and the city hall are represented....
[missing data]
In Spain the place student unions take in society is widely conditioned by regional differences and diversities. However, in a wider perspective, and especially in comparison with other European countries, it can be said that Spanish school students have little opportunities for making them heard....
[missing data]
Vlaamse Scholierenkoepel vzw - VSK
The total budget is around €100 000.
1999EONs predecessor, NEO (Norwegian School Student Union) was founded in 1994 when a fraction of board members from NGS (Norsk Gymnasiastsamband) left the organization. NGS was founded in 1959. These two organizations formed EON in 1999.
Section 176 of Education Act of 2002 states that students should have their voice heard. This works in conjunction with the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, Article 12. However, beyond this there is little except guidelines. Student Voice is too frequently considered synonymous with a...
The general assembly elects the board, which is the decision making body in the organisation. The GA consists of the representatives of Youth Clubs. This board consists of nine to eleven members, plus a president. There is also an Advisor.
The position of student councils in schools varies widely in different region and types of schools. For instance, about 90% of the upper secondary schools have at least formal student councils, but the equivalent percent in vocational schools is only 60. In terms of student actually being heard and...
Student councils.But individual students can sign up as supportive members (this is mainly due to make organisation fit better with the government system for grants to NGOs)
DGS: LH: 54 (Makes 70% of all schools)
Unija srednjoškolaca Srbije - UNSSUnion of secondary school students of Serbia
€ 1,2 mil, by 40% national systematic governmental contribution, 30% regional and local government contribution and 20% national agency of education for development of schools.
DGS:LH:
According to the Law of Civil Associations in Macedonia, USM is the only registered NGO that represents the secondary students on a national level.
On primary school level USO is watching pro-participatory projects. On this level, participation is seen as a useful tool to create social atmosphere at local schools. On secondary level USO is watching status quo, e.g. student representation is accepted but no great intention to increase the...
Individual school students
450 000
As the examples above show, Student Voice varies significantly in different schools and different areas. Generally, students tend to be given a voice on less important issues, and Student Voice is too often a privilege rather than a right. There are significant problems, however, for any body...
Finland has a respectable public system for funding of student unions at a national level; student unions can for instance receive grants that render activity possible. Albeit decision-making in Finland takes place on a quite high level the student organisations are heard, especially on university...
Stredoškolská študentská únia Slovenska - ŠuskaSecondary school student's union of Slovakia
0
There are many regional or municipal student organizations.
The Confederal Council is the highest decision-making body in between Confederal Assemblies. It is formed by a certain number of representatives from federations (depending on their size) and the Board. It meets several times a year.
[missing data]
Landelijk Aktie Komitee Scholieren - LAKSNational action committee for school students
About 60 students' councils
[missing data]
Students are represented in the governmental institutions through USM. USM has taken part in most of the decision making processes concerning the educational system and has been included in the implementation of all the educational reforms.
Hinder: federative structure
[missing data]
Each school has a student council,composed of presidents of the classes, which elects a representative to the DOS Parliament. (There are 142 secondary schools in Slovenia.) Every person with the status of a secondary student is automatically a member of DOS.
Eesti Õpilasesinduste Liit - EÕEL
Nearly 360 schools are organised nationwide, so the union represents over 150,000 students. The students are no members of the organisation.
80
In Bulgaria there are certain student structures, which represent the interests of young people from one school, university or municipality in front of the municipal or governmental bodies, usually only the chairman can be present at the meetings of these institutions. Still, it is not easy for a...
[missing data]
[missing data]
None
[missing data]
The ‘head’ of ESSA is a National Council of elected students from the 9 government regions. The Council meets four times a year and makes decisions about ESSA policy, as well as representing ESSA at conferences, representing ESSA within the media and promoting ESSA’s cause. The Council is...
DGS: LH: Student Councils
100
[missing data]
[missing data]
Board (16 people) is working full-time in office in Oslo. President and Secretary General are the only ones paid for their work.
[missing data]
1991
According to Finnish law, the students in every secondary school in the country have to form a student body and have a representative organ, a student council. Furthermore, according to Finnish law, the educator is compelled to give the students the opportunity to participate in the development of...
Students are not in any way represented in neither municipal nor governmental bodies.
Around 80
[missing data]
UNSS is a member of Youth peer network and All Different All Equal network in Serbia.
DGS:
2001
Since Switzerland is a federal state, each canton has it’s own law. Furthermore each school has it’s own law. The grade of student representation is therefore depending from local authorities. Student representation is seen as a useful tool to create social atmosphere at local schools. No law...
Depends from case to case, but generally students are not represented, or are represented but without the right to vote.
All those registered as school students in Ireland.
[missing data]
[missing data]
1987
[missing data]
[missing data]
Individual school students and school councils
ESSA is unable to run a GA because of issues regarding logistics and funding. It is ESSA's aim to establish GA in near future, however.
Important commissions start to invite students, but generally students are not heard.
Sveriges Elevråds Centralorganisation - SECOSwedish Student Associations Central Organisation
€ 15,000, by government and other grant institutions. Members do not have to contribute.
2005
There are also other student organizations, but DOS is the only nationwide student union. Some of the biggest regional organizations are the Student Union of Ljublana and School student union of Maribor.
[missing data]
SUN is formed by student councils whose school as an institution is a member of the union. These are organised throuh their region, but are members of the national organisation. It is possible to become an individual member of SUN.
96
[missing data]
A stable and trustable public system for funding of student unions at the national level could surely help a better school students’ representation. On the other hand, good representation is hindered by the limited involvement of media and politicians in school students’ issues and therefore...
None
Suomen Ylioppilaskuntien Liitto (SYL; The National Union of University Students in Finland) - an interest organisation defending and improving the educational, financial, and social benefits and rights of the students
The representatives of the Swiss cantons' school student organisations forms the General Assembly. The member organisations themselves have individual concepts of representations.
The involvement of school students in the development of their educational centers is very much up to every school to define. While some schools have important structures for students’ participation, others do not even have an active student council. This creates very important disparities among...
Danske Gymnasieelevers Sammenslutning - DGSNational Federation of Business Students in Denmark
104
[missing data]
[missing data]
[missing data]
Aktion kritischer SchülerInnen - AKSAction Critical Students
€1 mil of administrative grant form the Ministry of Education, project funding and organisational grants from the National Youth Council. Membership fees for schools are calculated with €1 per school-student enrolled.
Aontas na Mac Léinn Iarbhunscoileanna
There are more then 25 regional, provincial and local federations represented. No exact data available but they represent over 200 000 thousand students.
The General Assembly is usually held four times a year. Representatives of secondary schools, elected by each school’s Student Council, are the members of the General Assembly. Out of 142 representatives approximately one hundred attend.
The main task of municipal youth councils is to provide a channel for young people’s perspectives, wishes and initiatives in local government. Around 50 Finnish municipalities have a youth council. Members of youth councils are selected in elections, with the age limit of those entitled to vote...
There is no public funding for school student organization like UNSS. The Government doesn’t provide any money for the office or administrative costs necessary for the organization’s functioning. Ministry of youth and other donors are the only ones that help student representation by financing...
[missing data]